The Problems, Effects, and Solutions to Workplace Stress...

Executive Summary This proposal examines the problems, effects, and solutions to workplace stress. In addition, I will explain risk assessment, management, and prevention. Finally, I will review coping strategies for workplace stress. Holland’s Automotive Repair has seventy-seven people of a wide diverse nature. Internal research shows many employees are suffering from workplace stress. External research focuses on several studies, models, and theories of workplace stress effects. Workplace stress causes problems such as lack of motivation, poor health, increased safety concerns, and overall low morale within the company. Stress related hazards target work content and work context. Businesses endure many losses when employees’ workplace stress is not controlled and prevented. Holland’s Automotive Repair needs to establish a risk assessment and management policy to implement immediately. The best practice is to prevent workplace stress with a well-designed work environment. This practice will save time, resources, and money within the company. An internal survey of Holland’s Automotive Repair employees clarifies how the business can reduce workplace stress and increase overall employee resolve. Because of the wide diversity within Holland’s Automotive Repair, specific coping skills can assist all employees with their specific needs. Holland’s Automotive Repair business will uphold their reputation by following these guidelines. These policies will alsoShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPolitics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of InterpersonalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDiversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? 9 WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance? 12 DID YOU KNOW?: Looking at the Future of HRM 13 DID YOU KNOW?: International Diversity 14 The Labor

Corporation Involvement in Public Schools Essay - 965 Words

Corporations seem to always find a way to stick their nose in everything, specifically in public schools. Since public schools are dealing with declining budgets, they must get financial support from U.S. corporations. Some critics debate whether these corporations getting involved actually aid or disturb students to succeed. Corporations are using public schools as a platform for advertising their brand in exchange for some type of support for the school. This, I believe, is potentially significant to both the corporations and schools. Corporations getting involved in public schools is very much beneficial because it gives the corporation increased visibility, expanded workforce, ways to create incentive programs, fundraising, and†¦show more content†¦These corporations are only worried about increasing sales and having their name on anything possible, not enhancing the education of our students. Public schools are dealing with insufficient funds and resources, and at the same time are being asked to have their students perform at the highest level possible. The only way to reach these requirements is to get corporations involved to bring in money. School officials must make the right decision on which coprpotations they would like to be a part with the school. There have been many corporations that have made a positive influence on these public schools. For example, a company called Sweat Equity Enterpirses, which designs new fashion, shoes and other products, sponsers an after school program that works with the disadvantaged youth in the New York area. The students get involved with the whole designing process, and it’s a way for the children to build self esteem and express their creativity. Corporations also tend to get involved with public schools because it helps them shape future employees, which is an indispensable way to spend its money. IBM, for example, is one company that tends to donate to most public schools. Between 1994 and 20 04, IBM’s Reinventing Education initative awarded $75 million in grants to various public schools. They also donated some of their workers to help theShow MoreRelatedThe Foundation : A Private Foundation1192 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation is invested by ExxonMobil Corporation, and mainly focus on providing economic opportunities for women, math and science education. The foundation contributes in the arts culture, community development, education, environment, health, human rights, public affairs, women gender, and malaria areas. The foundation covers almost any country around the world through its proposed programs. As the foundation was financially supported by ExxonMobil Corporation, it is a corporate foundation, whichRead MoreThe Inequality And Segregation Of The Public Educational System Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesdiminishes the obstacles that are faced in life. It has enabled community members to prosper both socially and economically. However, in America, a nation that is the world’s superpower, fails to provide proper and equal education to its children. Many public schools across America lack the proper funding, qualified teachers, and necessities. The people affected by these problems belong in low-income communities and are minorities. Many have taken their voices to shine light on this issue. Writers such asRead MoreEssay on Colombo Reading Response 1988 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals â€Å"stupid† and â€Å"ignorant† (Colombo 123). I do agree with his statement that there are many people who cannot read higher than a fourth grade level, but I do not beli eve that America wants to keep the public as being â€Å"idiots.† Many individuals are college dropouts and even high school dropouts in my opinion, but that does not mean that America is â€Å"stupid† and â€Å"ignorant.† I do not see any limitations when Moore uses the â€Å"question/answer† approach because he uses questions to illustrate andRead MoreValues, Ethics, And Sustainability1049 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: The Community and the Corporation The Community and the Corporation Michael Rosales William Paterson University Dr. Jet Mboga Values, Ethics, Sustainability (MGT-3550) September 30, 2015 Abstract: Community and Corporation are interdependent with each other because, without each other, they wouldn’t exist. This chapter analyzes why both businesses and communities need each other. Having to know about community relations manager, building strong relations with each otherRead MorePublic Schools Should Attend Private School Benefit From Other Extracurricular Activities895 Words   |  4 PagesStudents who attend private school benefit from the exposure to extracurricular activities. A typical feature of private schools is the provision of special programs in the field of art, music , drama and sports. In 2002, Deasy, concluded that taking up any form of art improves conditional reasoning and spatial reasoning. It also aids in problem solving refines creativity in terms of spontaneity, originality, sequencing theory, ideas and results. The adoption of art has also been known to motivateRead MoreThe Obesity Pandemic Occurring Across The World1090 Words   |  5 Pageswei ght gain among the population. Approximately fifty years ago tobacco companies started participating in lobbying to disguise the harmful affects of their product; food corporations, particularly those with products high in sugar, initiated these practices during the onset of the overweight nation. Due to the increased involvement and financial support of food companies, regulations on unhealthy food products are prevented. The first incident occurred with the original document pronouncing obesityRead MoreCase Study : Royal Dutch Shell1003 Words   |  5 PagesEsther Henchmen is a PhD student at EASED Business School – Universi dad de Ramon Lull, Barcelona. She has participated in non-governmental organizations including UNICEF, World Bank and Oxfam Intermon. This has led her in expertise about development management and human rights. Dealing with issues such as the involvement of corporations in major environmental disasters such the oil spill that occurred in Niger delta by shell. Her title â€Å"Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria: Where Do Responsibilities EndRead MoreEducational Welfare Of The Alaskan Student840 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve the common goal of â€Å"preparing college, career, and culture ready graduates† (EED, n.d.) † which requires a personal investment by people and groups. The Alaska State Department of Education Early Development (DEED), School Boards, School Districts, Native Corporations and local business and universities have a vested interest in the development and success of all students in Alaska. Each has a pivotal role in the shaping of students to meet the educational standards. Also to make them productiveRead MoreAmerica Vs. Corporations : Corporate Crime1359 Words   |  6 PagesSarah Maynard Dr. Osborn English 191 4 March 2016 America vs. Corporations Committing a corporate crime seems tempting at times, and the culprits usually feel as if their crime is justified. They justify their choice to steal from the company by assuming that the only person who would be affected is the CEO, or somebody that would not notice a dent in their hefty salary. However, it is naive to think of these types of crimes in a way that doesn’t adequately explain the ripple affect each crimeRead MoreSchool Vouchers are the Solution Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pagescircles and most importantly through the institution called school. The growing idea has been that these ideals may only be achieved through a universal centrally planned system of tax-funded schools, commonly known as â€Å"public schools†. People tend to misunderstand the ideals of public schooling and confuse them for the institution itself. I am in support of the principles public schools uphold, but I wish that they be provided in a private school environment, where market-ori ented education developments

Plastic Surgery And Its Effects Essay - 1664 Words

Each year, the plastic surgery industry brings in $10.1 billion dollars in the United States alone (Goudreau). The surgery itself consists of two types: reconstructive surgery, which â€Å"replaces damaged tissue with healthy tissue from another area of the body† (Lee), and cosmetic surgery, which is the removal or addition of tissue in order to â€Å"make a person look younger or more attractive†(Gregg). Plastic surgery comes from the Greek word plastikos, which means to shape or to form (Gregg). Dating back to ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Indian civilizations, plastic surgery has changed meaning throughout time (Lee and Sprague). Even though plastic surgery can have its benefits, overall it is a harmful, and highly expensive technology that is changing the world for the worse. Throughout history, plastic surgery’s purpose has changed, originating thousands of years ago. In the beginning of history, it was first used by Indian, Greek, Egyptian, and Roman civilizations (Lee and Sprague). It â€Å"dates back to at least 600 BC, when Hindu physicians were surgically reconstructing noses† (Gregg). The reconstructive technique started then as well; a book from Indian doctors â€Å"describes a technique in which a piece of skin from a patient’s cheek can be used to construct his or her nose or center earlobe† (Lee and Sprague). One well known plastic surgery procedure was in 1896, when a doctor surgical transformed a boy’s ears because they were too big (Lee and Sprague).Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Plastic Surgery1389 Words   |  6 PagesPlastic surgery in today’s medical world Plastic surgery can be defined as the specialty in the medical field that involves the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. Plastic surgery can be separated into two groups: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. The thesis of this essay is to examine these two types of surgery and to examine the effect that it has on today’s medical world, and what causes people to seek plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacialRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects880 Words   |  4 PagesPlastic surgery has advanced drastically in the past few years. Before plastic surgery was an option, to correct a body part from injury, disease or an illness they had to just deal with their appearance. Today many people are getting plastic surgery to improve their appearance because they believe in their minds that something is wrong with them base on what our sociality standard are. I think it is an unnecessary surgery and many people put their health and well-being at risk. Some people evenRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects867 Words   |  4 PagesPlastic surgery is known throughout the world as a way to improve one’s self-image, thereby gaining confidence and self-assurance. This surgical intervention can be safe, but it can also be immensely dangerous. Plastic surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, especiall y by the transfer or removal of tissue. This surgical phenomenon can be utilized for the treatment of an injury or cosmetic inhancements. For many reasons, plastic surgery can be categorizedRead MoreSide Effects of Plastic Surgery1231 Words   |  5 PagesSide Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery, like most of medicine, was a work in progress for centuries. Now people are paying top dollar to modify their body, everything from their face to their stomach to even their buttocks. The question one must consider before making a decision to change physically is, are the side effects worth it? Under going plastic surgery can open-doors for bacterial or viral infections, allergic reactions from medications to result in unwanted scars, irreversibleRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Plastic Surgery1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Effects of Technology on Plastic Surgery Ludwig Wittgenstein ,a british philosopher,once said, â€Å"The human body is the best picture of the human soul.† Though this may be untrue, or widely disagreed with, it shows that people are judged by their appearance. But what if someone is born unattractive, should they stay that way for their entire life? If there is a cure to disfigurement, does that mean people should ignore it just because it’s frowned upon? According to the world book encyclopediaRead MoreThe Personal Effects Of Plastic Surgery1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Personal Effects of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery dates back to somewhere around 2000 B.C. and has only advanced since that time. Today people all over the world get these procedures done for many reasons. Some reasoning behind individuals getting plastic surgery is to fix a birth defect, deformability, or for cosmetic purposes. In today’s society, getting plastic surgery for cosmetics purposes is very popular but with that comes many negative comments or thoughts towards that person gettingRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1363 Words   |  6 PagesAs of recent plastic surgery has become extremely popular, so popular to the point that it has gotten out of control. Although it has been around for many years, the high standards of beauty in today’s society has recently led both women and men to resolve their so-called imperfections with plastic surgery, making plastic surgery the new norm. Sadly, in this day and age all you see when turning on the TV, flipping through a magazine, or sim ply going on social media, is models creating an ideal imageRead MoreThe Emotional Effects Of Plastic Surgery1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate of the emotional impacts of plastic surgery and how it impacts patients and doctors has been in recent debates. Specifically, how these emotional effects influence the mental health of the individuals involved. Stephanie Dubick’s â€Å"When You Have Body Dysmorphia, Coping Through Plastic Surgery Can Be a Nightmare† and David Castle’s â€Å"Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: are surgeons too quick to nip and tuck?† both agree that plastic surgery could lead to an onset of body dysmorphicRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 PagesReal-Life Photoshop Plastic Surgery is defined as the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body, either in the treatment for injury or cosmetic reason. Just like any other topic, plastic surgery has both negative and positive attributes. Depending on the opinion, there may be more of one than that of the other, but in the case of this paper there are more negative. Plastic surgery has been deemed acceptable by countless celebrities and television shows, and has left a huge not soRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effect On Society1995 Words   |  8 Pagesdoing plastic surgery. With the strong development of medical equipment and technology, there is no doubt that a person could easily get access to information about plastic surgery and eventually go under the knife in the future. But the most important question for this controversial issue is â€Å"Will plastic surgery promote or destroy beauty?† which could be a challenge to answer for many people. However, by discussing two aspe cts of the problem, the benefits and drawbacks of plastic surgery, this

Envirnomental Psychology - 1102 Words

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY An earthquake so powerful that it knocks the earth off its axis and the coast drops off three feet. A tsunami follows the earthquake leaving tens of thousands of people dead. When watching a live tsunami along the Japanese coast is quite an amazing sight. It was such an extraordinary and dramatic sight to get to witness broadcasting live into the homes across the world. This is an analysis on what is known to be the largest earthquake and biggest tsunami ever to hit Japan on March 11, 2011. The earthquake and tsunami Japans coast lies in ruins after the earthquake hit followed by the tsunami picking up everything in its path like cars, houses, and warehouses. Seismometers, strain gages, and title gages records†¦show more content†¦An earthquake or any act caused by Mother Nature can’t always be predicted and the world has seen what Japan went through. Finding a support group to cope to get through life is something victims will benefit from in the time of need. References PubMed Health. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Atlanta (GA): A.D.A.M.; 2011. A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia.(n.d.). (2011). Retrieved on 10-22-11 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001923/ Crane, C. (2011). Disaster in Japan. Science World, 67 (14), 14. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Cherry, K. (2010). The everything psychology book. (2nd ed). Avon, MA Kerger, P., Wilson, J., amp; Hoppe, B. (Producers). (2011). Japan’s killer quake. Program: NOVA. Retrieved on 10-20-11 from http://video.pbs.org/video/1863101157/# Wood, E., Wood, S. (2002). The World of Psychology. (4th ed). Boston, MA. Allyn amp; Bacon Learning Team Summary (WK 2) I have to say that I had a bad perspective to find out that I had left a class on bad terms with a former team mate, and to see that by the grace of God we were once again team mates. However, I am one to not hold grudges and I basically said to myself†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Well Desi, this is a class and in this world we are not always placed in situations that we feel comfortable.† Thus, I put my differences to theShow MoreRelatedPhysical and Cognitive Development4648 Words   |  19 Pagesbelieve that it shifts from a production of generating new products to a unique way of integrating experience and knowledge into thinking and acting. Creativity also changes from being egocentric to reflecting more altruistic goals. (Berk 2001:512) Envirnomental factors also play a role in the maintenance of cognitive funtioning. Individuals who use their intellectual skills are more likely to maintain them. Good health, stimulating occupations and leisure persuits, felxible personalities and economic

How It Alters the Teen’s Future Free Essays

Teen pregnancy is a thing that ultimately alters a teens future forever with negative side effects, In the United States, 2. 800 teenagers become pregnant each day. When I graduated in 201 1; out of al the girls I graduated with 10 of those girls have had babies. We will write a custom essay sample on How It Alters the Teen’s Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now one of them Just had her second baby this year. think more needs to be done to make girls realize that it affects their future, their children’s, the baby’s tamer. and other tamily members. I couldn’t Imagine having a baby at this age. My cousin became a teen mom at the age of 19 with her long time boyfriend. But, I see the struggle they have to make money to pay the bills. He works two jobs to support her and their child because child care Is so expensive. They don’t regret having their son, but they regret dropping out of college. Teen pregnancy Is the leading reason teen girls drop out of school. More than half of teen mothers never graduate. of them earn a college degree by the time their 30. About d quarter of them have d second child within two years of their first. Teenage girls in relationships with older boys are more likely to become pregnant, han a teenage girl In a relationship with a boy her own age. Poverty Is associated with increased rates of teen pregnancy. 80 % of teen mothers have to go on welfare at some point due to less than one third of teen mothers receive no child support. Girls whose mother or older sister gave birth as d teen are more likely to get pregnant themselves. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child care are more likely to continue with their education and get a higher paying job as they progress with their education. In the united States alone 820. 00 teens become pregnant each year. Birth rate in the United States is the highest in the developed world and teen abortion rate Is also higi-n In 2006, the united States teen rate rose for the first time in fourteen years. Canada also trended towards a steady decline for both 15- 17 and older 18 – 19 teens in the period of 1992 – 2002. Majority of teenage mothers are not married to the tatner ot their children. Babies born to teenagers are at risk for neglect and abuse because their young mothers ere uncertain about their roles and may be frustrated by the constant emand of care taking. Children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with low birth weight. They’re at a higher risk tor intellectual, language, socio – emotional, development disabilities and behavioural issues are increased. Children of teen mothers have a 31 % incidence of depression and a 25% risk of parenthood as a teen. Mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviours such as touch, smile, smiling and verbal communication or to be sensltlve and accepting their needs. Teen parents don’t have the Intellectual or erformance in children of teenage mother also been noted with many of them being more likely to fail to graduate high school, be held back a grade level or score low on standardised test. As a son born, to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to spend time in prison. Only 20% of teen fathers marry the mother of their child, many teen mothers continue to live at home with their parents. Teen fathers may continue a relationship with the babys mother but its common the relationship to end and when it does many fathers don’t have much interaction with their children. Teen dads are less likely to earn a high school diploma; the failure to graduate can be due to finical pressure resulting form having a baby to take care of. Despite the stereotype, there is increasing evidence that teen fathers want to be (and are) involved with their children, though this involvement may not always include financial support. Young fathers are more likely to have economic and employment challenges and are more often economically disadvantaged than adult fathers. A large percentage of fathers involved in teen pregnancies are 20 years or older. Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasise the importance of education and employment. Younger brothers too, were found to be more tolerant of non- martial and early births in addition to being more susceptible to high risk behaviours. Many programs available for teen moms are based on income. If the teen mom’s parents earn above the minimum income, the teen may be denied services which leaves the burden of the costs on the parents. Teen pregnancy has a negative affect on their children, the teen mothers, and teen fathers. More needs to be done to prevent teen pregnancy more education and guidance from parents. Also, more needs to be done to help teens who become pregnant and the teen fathers. I don’t think theirs enough done for teen dads. With more support groups, financial help, helping with them (teen moms and fathers) graduating and getting their diploma. They shouldn’t be shamed because they become pregnant at a young age, they should get the opportunity to graduate and have a better life for them and their child. How to cite How It Alters the Teen’s Future, Papers

Disease and Its Impact on Humans Essay Sample free essay sample

Familial diseases are caused by an abnormalcy in a person’s familial stuff. It is a disease that is passed from one coevals to the following within the same household. For e. g. hemophilias and reaping hook cell disease. Sickle-cell disease is a familial blood disease that largely affects people of African lineage. These diseases can non be cured. Physiological diseases are caused by misfunctioning of organic structure systems e. g. Respiratory system ( lung harm and lung malignant neoplastic disease ) . circulatory system ( high blood pressure ) . or endocrines eg. diabetes or a consequence of drug maltreatment eg. usage of cocaine and diacetylmorphine. or intoxicant ( cirrhosis of the liver ) . Physiological diseases can be controlled by a proper balanced diet. decrease of salt consumption and by exerting and holding healthy relationships with household and friends to forestall emphasis and societal isolation. Diabetess:Diabetess is the inability of the organic structure to command the degree of sugar in theblood due to deficient insulin. High blood pressure:Hypertension ( high blood force per unit area ) is the lift of the arterial blood force per unit area above the scope expected in a peculiar age group. Diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure can be controlled by diet and exercising. Diet and exercising can:* REDUCE RISK OF DISEASE- eating healthy and exerting for a lower limit of 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours can dramatically cut down your hazard of many serious diseases. * IMPROVES MENTAL HEALTH- exercising triggers chemicals in the encephalon called endorphins that aid you feel happy and relaxed. Eating a well-balanced diet keeps the encephalon working decently and can assist stabilise temper swings. * KEEPS WEIGHT CONTROLLED- when you move your organic structure. you burn Calories. and when you eat healthy. you consume fewer Calories. The fewer Calories you eat and the more Calories you burn. the easier it is to lose weight and maintain it under control. * INCREASES ENERGY-cardiovascular exercising helps go around O through your organic structure to better bosom and lung efficiency. * BETTER SLEEP- increasing your day-to-day activity degree and eating healthy wil l assist you acquire a better dark slumber. When the encephalon is supplied with the indispensable foods and acquires O. it works better. When the encephalon maps better. it releases the appropriate chemicals to bring on relaxation and slumber. WHAT IS A VECTOR?A vector is an carnal. normally an insect or tick. which transmits parasitic micro-organisms from one being to another. Vectors are organisms that provide a tract for a pathogen to be transmitted between animate beings and worlds or other animate beings. These transfer beings supply this conveyance by the agencies of blood-sucking ( consume the bacteria/virus/parasite from the septic host during eating and so shoot it into another being while feeding ) . Phases in the life history of a house fly and a mosquito are the same. The first phase is the egg so the larva. pupa and it so becomes an grownup. Life history of a house fly: LIFE HISTORY OF MOSQUITO: METHODS OF CONTROL AT EACH STAGE OF A MOSQUITOMosquitos need H2O to put their eggs and let them to hatch and turn. Get rid of standing H2O so the mosquito can non put their eggs. If you put a thin bed of oil on the surface of the H2O it will halt the larvae from take a breathing. At the grownup phase. empty Sn tins or refuse bins that lay around the house. Insecticides can besides be used. Appropriate METHODS OF CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIESHouse flies need to put their eggs on disintegrating nutrient. Make certain there are no nutrient beginnings available for the flies to set down on and put their eggs. Insecticides can be used for the other three phases. Besides biological control methods can be used such as ( parasitic WASP and fire emmets ) . WHAT IS STD? Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are transmitted from one individual to another Y sexual intercourse. Three illustrations of STDs are:1. Gonorrhoea2. Syphilis3. Aidss GonorrheaThis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is caused by a bacteria and is transmitted by sexual intercourse. In a male. the bacteria infects the urethra and 2 days- 2 hebdomads after infection he may hold a Pus discharge from the phallus. He may besides see a combustion esthesis during micturition. The untreated infection may distribute to his prostate secretory organ and testicles. If the testicles become septic he may go unfertile. In the female. the initial infection affects the neck. Without intervention it frequently spreads to the Fallopian tubing. These may go out of use. Tubal gestation is possible. and this may be fatal. The female may besides go unfertile. The disease can distribute in the blood. Early intervention with antibiotics. such as penicillin. is an effectual remedy. SyphilisThis is caused by the bacteria Treponema Pd. Congenital pox passed by a adult female to her unborn kid. Acquired pox is passed on by sexual intercourse. There are four phases in the development of get pox. Primary syphilis takes about three hebdomads to develop and difficult ulcers are formed at the site of infection. These are normally painless and last about a month. After 2-4 months. the symptoms of secondary pox may develop. These are generalised roseola of ruddy level lesions. The roseola may re-emerge at intervals over two old ages. The 3rd phase has no symptoms and may last for the remainder of the person’s life. About 30 per centum of untreated persons develop third pox. This affects the encephalon and the bosom. There may be terrible complications and decease. Syphilis. like gonorrhea. may be treated with penicillin and other antibodies. But. intervention of third poxs can non mend tissue harm. AIDS ( acquired immune lack syndrome )* It is caused by the virus ( HIV ) and is transmitted by sexual intercourse ; from infected female parent to babe ; by infected blood merchandises. The virus mutates frequently. so new strains maintain looking. This makes it hard to develop a vaccinum. Symptoms: changeless weariness ; sudden weight loss ; swollen lymph secretory organs ; diarrhoeas and loss of appetency over a long period and relentless tegument roseola. This disease can be prevented or controlled by: * Reducing the figure of sexual spouses. * Consistently and right use rubbers* Abstinence* Provide ongoing instruction* Taking bing interventions daily for the remainder of your life. THE ROLE OF BLOODThe blood defends itself against diseases by: unsusceptibility. blood curdling and phagocytosis. BLOOD CurdlingA pathogen is an being which causes disease ( bacterium. virus. Fungi. and Protozoa ) . The pathogen may come in the organic structure through the tegument. through the respiratory system. in nutrient or H2O or by vectors. Blood coagulating helps to forestall this. When blood thrombocytes come into contact with a damaged tissue. they stick to the borders of the damaged country. and so to each other. organizing a thrombocyte stopper. If the lesion is little. this will be adequate to halt hemorrhage. Large lesions need a larger barrier. Blood plasma contains several substances which are involved in blood curdling. There are 13s of these blood coagulating factors. If any one of them is faulty. so blood will non coagulate. Two of these blood curdling factors are prothrombin and factor I. which are soluble proteins dissolved in the blood plasma. If a tissue is damaged. it releases a chemical called thrombokinase. This converts factor II to thrombin. Thrombin acts on factor I . change overing it to the protein fibrin. Fibrin is indissoluble. and forms fibers across the lesion. Blood cells and thrombocytes get caught up in the fibres. organizing a coagulum. PHAGOCYTOSIS ( scavenger cells )Phagocytosis is the engulfment and digestion of bacteriums and other foreign atoms by a cell. Phagocyte is a cell that is able to steep and digest bacteriums. Protozoa. cells and cell dust. and other little atoms. Phagocytes include many white blood cells. When the pathogen enters. white blood cells work to seek to destruct the invading bacterium or viruses. The white cells recognize the invading pathogen as ‘foreign’ . This is because it has chemicals on its chemicals on its cells which are non found on the cells in your organic structure. These chemicals are called antigens. An antigen is a cell or other substance which is recognized as foreign by the body’s white cells. One group of white cells is able to do another set of chemicals in response to the antigens. These chemicals are called antibodies. An antibody is a protein made by white cells which attach to specific foreign cells or other substances ( antigens ) and assist to d estruct them. The antibody molecules bind onto the antigen molecules. Each type of antibody will merely suit onto one sort of antigen. It may take some clip for the white cells to do sufficiency of the right antibody. Finally. though. the white cells normally manage to do adequate antibodies to destruct the pathogen. and you recover from the unwellness. UnsusceptibilityWhat happens if the same pathogen enters the organic structure once more? The white blood cells are prepared. They recognize the antigen straight off. and rapidly do big measures of the appropriate antibody. The pathogen is destroyed before it has a opportunity to engender. You have become immune to the disease. This sort of unsusceptibility to the pathogen is called natural unsusceptibility. UnsusceptibilityUnsusceptibility is defined as the body’s ability to defy infection. afforded by the presence of go arounding antibodies and white blood cells. There are two types of unsusceptibility. There is active unsusceptibility and inactive unsusceptibility. ACTIVE IMMUNITYAs discussed on pg. 28 if the pathogen re-enters the organic structure. the white blood cells have already made appropriate antibodies. You can besides get active unsusceptibility by holding a inoculation. Some vaccinums contain bacteriums which have been weakened. When they are rejected into your organic structure. they are excessively weak to reproduce. The white blood cells recognize them as foreign and ‘learn’ to do the antibodies to destruct them. PASSIVE IMMUNITYWith inactive unsusceptibility the white blood cells do non do the antibodies. Alternatively. the antibody is put into your blood ready-made. Breast fed babes get unsusceptibility to many diseases through the chest milk. Some inoculations contain ready-made antibodies. Passive unsusceptibility does non last indefinitely. because the antibodies bit by bit disappear from your blood. Active unsusceptibility lasts much longer. because the white cells have ‘learnt’ to do the antibody. EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE Physiological Effects* These vary by the type of drug used. Stimulations. such as pep pills. detain sleep and promote a person’s temper. but great sums do jitteriness and anxiousness. With drugs such as particularly narcotics such as opium or diacetylmorphine. the organic structure can construct up a tolerance in which it adjusts to the drug’s presence. Over clip. the organic structure requires higher doses to keep the same consequence. When the maltreater Michigan. the organic structure experiences backdown symptoms such as experiencing weak. SOCIAL EFFECTS* Relationships with household and friends are frequently upset by drug wonts. When people become dependent on drugs they go to extreme steps to obtain it. Since the effects of drug maltreatment make them undependable and unproductive. they may lose their occupations. and many bargain to acquire the money. ECONOMIC Effects * Effectss of drug can be measured in two signifiers. One is the loss of human productiveness. such as lost rewards and reduced production that consequences from unwellness and premature deceases related to drug maltreatment. The other is the cost of authorities drug enforcement policies. States around the universe spend one million millions annually on jurisprudence enforcement and other attempts aimed at drug interdiction. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DISEASE IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS Disease of farm animal and agricultural harvests consequences in the loss of income. decrease in nutrient handiness and reduces the criterion of life. Disease within a population can do loss of adult male hours. productiveness. net incomes. reduced economic system. criterion of life offense and loss of human resources. Bibliography World Wide Web. blurtit. comWorld Wide Web. livestrong. comWorld Wide Web. wikipedia. org/wiki/infectious_diseaseWorld Wide Web. scienceray. comCXC biological science text book

The Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about The Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy. Answer: Introduction In the contemporary global framework, one of the leading economies, with impressive growth and economic development over the last few years, is the economy of Australia. Being fourteenth largest in terms of Nominal GDP, the economy holds the record of longest uninterrupted growth of GDP for twenty-six years (Pieterse, 2015). Much of this highly impressive growth of the country can be linked to the development of the industrial and service sector of the country, with more than seventy percent of the total workforce being employed in the latter only. The mining, gas and real estate industry are among the most notable industries in the country, which clubbed with the highly developed and efficient external sector of the country and its robust policy framework, contributed to the economic welfare of the country (Dyster and Meredith, 2012). Apart from GDP, there are other vital economic indicators, like inflation, unemployment, exchange rate, cash rate and net exports, which have considerable implications on the economic wellbeing of Australia. The report, keeping this into consideration, tries to interpret the relation and dynamics among these economic variables in the country, within the chosen time frame (1990-2015). It also tries to analyze the reasons behind such dynamics and the implications of the policy framework of the country on the same, thereby forecasting the possible economic situations in the country in near future (Ravenhill, 2017). Macroeconomic Assessment of Australia The primary indicator of economic growth, which is most widely used across the globe, is the Gross Domestic Product of the country, which shows the value of all the final goods and services that are in a year, produced within a country. The Real GDP, is the inflation adjusted measurement of GDP, which the values of goods and services taking a stable economic year the base. In case of the economy of Australia, a moderately stable growth trend of Real GDP is observed within the concerned period (3.1%), with occasional troughs (-0.38% being lowest in 1991) and peaks (highest being 5.01% in 1999). The dynamics in the Real GDP, however, is dependent on the changes in the other economic indicators, as discussed above. This is discussed in the following section (Arkolakis, et al., 2013). Unemployment Rate and Rate of Growth of Real GDP The economic welfare of a country and its residents in particular depends considerably on the employment scenario of the country in the concerned period. High employment generation implies high income in the hands of the people of the country, which in turn increases their aggregate demand, thereby contributing positively in the productivity of the country. Therefore, the relationship between GDP and unemployment is bilaterally negative, theoretically. The unemployment in Australia has been maintained at a moderate average level of nearly 6.8% between 1990-2015. However, the rate was exceptionally high in 1993-1994 (11%) and considerably low in 2007-2008 (4.4%). The relationship between unemployment rate and the growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, within the period under consideration, is found to be negative, with the correlation being -0.13 (Kubiszewski, et al., 2013). The trends from the empirical evidences also assert the same as can be seen below: Figure 1: Relationship between unemployment rate and Real GDP growth rate (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) The above figure clearly shows the presence of a negative relationship between the unemployment rate and the rate of growth of Real GDP in Australia in 1990-2015. Within the period in concern, unemployment has decreased considerably, while the Real GDP has maintained a steady growth rate, in spite of occasional fluctuations. Much of this decrease in unemployment can be attributed to the considerably huge industrial growth in the country over the years, which has created large job scopes, thereby increasing the financial welfare of the residents. This in turn, by increasing the aggregate demand and supply, has increased the GDP of the country considerably (Stewart, 2013). Inflation Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP The economic stability and welfare of a country also depends on the overall price levels prevailing in the country at a point of time and the dynamics in the same. The presence of a very high price level, indicating higher inflationary pressure on the economy, has highly negative implications on the welfare of the residents. On the other hand, very low price levels can be detrimental to the producers as their revenue decreases significantly. On the other hand, while a demand-pull inflation increases the productive activities in a country, a cost-push type of inflation hampers the production (Green, 2016). Generally, with the economic growth and increase in the productivity of country, the level of disposable income and the aggregate demand both increases, thereby raising the average level of price. This indicates towards a positive relationship between the inflation and the GDP of a country. Australia, in general, has maintained a low rate of inflation (average rate being 2.7%). The rate however, increased massively in 1990 (7.27%) in 1990s, due to the period of excessive aggregate demand preceding that. RBA responding to the same, implemented contractionary monetary policies, which brought the inflation rate down to 0.25% by 1997. The relationship between the two-concerned variable, in case of Australia, however, seems a bit confusing as it is not seen to be following the theoretical pattern. The correlation between the same is found to be -0.03 (Kumar, Webber and Perry, 2012). Figure 2: Relationship between the Growth Rate of Real GDP and Inflation Rate (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) There remains a negative relationship between the inflation rate and the Real GDP growth rate in Australia, which can be partially explained with the presence of a huge debt burden in the country in the concerned period. This high debt in the country, existing in the contemporary period, has contributed negatively in the growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, even in the presence of high inflation, which justifies the presence of the negative relationship between the rate of inflation and the Real GDP growth rate (Hossain, 2014). Exchange Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP The external sector and the exports imports of country as well as the balance of payment of a country depends substantially on the exchange rate prevailing in the country, which is the value of the currency of the country in terms of the same of other country (Conventionally US $). An increase in the exchange rate lowers the value of the domestic currency, which in turn makes exports easier, which raises the GDP of the country. Thus, theoretically there exists a positive relation between these two variables (Bussire, Delle Chiaie and Peltonen, 2014). Figure 3: Relationship between the exchange rate and the growth rate of Real GDP (Source: Rba.gov.au, 2018) In case of Australia, this seems to hold as the correlation is seen to be 0.2. The above figure also shows the presence of a roughly positive relationship between the two variables. The exchange rate being kept between $1 and $2 (USD) has facilitated the exports of the country over the years considerably, which can be seen from the more or less growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, despite of several noticeable fluctuations. Net Exports and Growth Rate of Real GDP As discussed above, the exchange rate of a country determines the import and export dynamics of a country substantially, which in turn has its implications on the overall economic growth of the country. When the exports of a country is greater than the amount imported, then the net export of the country is seen to be positive, which contributes positively to the balance of payment of the country. This in turn increases the GDP of the country. This thereby indicates towards the presence of a positive relationship between the growth of the GDP of a country and the amount of the net exports in the concerned country (Kelly, 2014). The same trend can be seen in the economic growth pattern of Australia, with the correlation among the same being 0.23. Figure 4: Relationship between the Net Exports and Growth Rate of the Real GDP (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) The above figure shows that Australia has over the years maintained a more or less positive trade balance, except in between 2010 and 2012, when there occurred in trade deficit in the country. This may be due to the increase in the import of intermediate goods and services as well as the increase in the aggregate-demand of foreign consumption goods (Atkin and Connolly, 2013). Cash Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP In general, the cash rate in a country is defined to be the rate of interest, which the monetary authorities of the country charge from the private banks if the latter take loans from the former. In presence of a low cash rate, borrowing is stimulated which in turn helps in stimulating the investment and contributing positively in the economic growth of the country. Thus, there exists a negative relationship between the two concerned variables in terms of the exiting theories. As is evident from the above figure, the concerned variables show a clearly negative trend over the concerned period, with the correlation among the two variables being -0.08. This can be linked to the monetary policies taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia, in which the cash rate has been deliberately kept low, in order to increase the investments in the country. The cash rate, being at 2.13% has facilitated the investments and economic growth in the country, which can be seen from a stable economic growth in the country in the contemporary period. Unemployment and inflation rate The two indicators, inflation rate and the rate of unemployment, are in general inversely related. This can be explained with the help of the theory of Phillips Curve, which was first proposed by A. W. Phillips. According to the theory, when there is economic growth in a country, this leads to an increased in the employment scopes in the country as a whole. This in turn increases the economic welfare of the residents of the concerned country by increasing their disposable income, which in turn increases their aggregate demand for the goods and services. The excess demand in the economy pushes up the average price level, thereby creating an upward pressure on the average price level in the country, which leads to an increase in the inflation in the same, which can be seen from the following figure: From the above figure, it can be seen that with the increase in the level of employment, that is with the decrease in the rate of unemployment in the country, the excess demand for goods and services pushes up the price levels in the economy, thereby creating an upwards trend of the rate of inflation in the country. This justifies the negative trend between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment in the country. In case of Australia, there exists a visibly negative relationship between the rate of inflation and the unemployment rate in the period of consideration, which can be seen from the following figure: The above figure clearly shows inverse relationship between unemployment and the inflation rate of the country. Over the concerned period, the unemployment rate has been seen to be consistently falling with several exceptions, like that in 2012-2014, when the same is seen to be increasing considerably. However, the rate of inflation has seen to undergo considerable fluctuations, with positive trends in many instances (Ormerod, Rosewell and Phelps, 2013). The relationship between the two concerned indicators has however been positive in 1994 and 1995, where the fall in the price level is accompanied by a fall in the rate of unemployment. This has again been observed in 2004, which can be attributed to the policies, which have been taken by the RBA. The policy framework is targeted to reduce both the inflation and the unemployment to a moderate level. Contractionary Monetary Policy Framework In general, the Central Banks or the monetary authorities of a country take contractionary or tight monetary policies, when there is excessive liquidity in the economy, contributing to an upward trend in the overall price levels in the country, thereby affecting the residents adversely. In case of Australia, this type of policy framework was adopted in 1980s following a period of excessive inflationary burden, which however landed the country in a phase of acute recession (Rey, 2015). In the recent periods (post 2004), this has again been done by the RBA, in order to respond to the excessive demand in the economy and the presence of high household debt burden in the economy. Outlook of the Australian economy The Australian economy is expected to keep on going at a moderately impressive rate of 2.5% to 4% in the coming years, much of which can be attributed to the policies, which are expected to be taken by the government and the monetary authority of the country. The wage level, however, is not expected to increase, which can be beneficial in keeping the inflationary pressures in check. However, low wage can lead to low rates of savings, which again however, is not expected to affect the investment in the country, which is hoped to increase in the coming years, thereby reducing the risk of recession in the economy (McLean, 2012). Conclusion As can be seen from the above empirical evidences and the relevant economic interpretation of the same, in spite of the presence of considerable fluctuations and dynamics in the overall economic activities of the country, Australia, has been and is still one of the most stably growing economies in the world. Much of which can be attributed to the stable economic policy framework of the country, which in the cases of occurrences of any discrepancy or diversion from the equilibrium state, operate efficiently in bringing back the economy on the path of sustainable economic growth and contributes in increasing the overall welfare of the residents of the country. References Arkolakis, C., Ramondo, N., Rodrguez-Clare, A. and Yeaple, S., 2013.Innovation and production in the global economy(No. w18972). National Bureau of Economic Research. Atkin, T. and Connolly, E., 2013. Australian exports: global demand and the high exchange rate.RBA Bulletin, pp.1-10. Bussire, M., Delle Chiaie, S. and Peltonen, T.A., 2014. Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy: the role of emerging market economies.IMF Economic Review,62(1), pp.146-178. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Australia | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/australia [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=AU [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=AU [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Dyster, B. and Meredith, D., 2012.Australia in the global economy: Continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Green, R., 2016.Classical theories of money, output and inflation: a study in historical economics. Springer. Hossain, A.A., 2014. Monetary policy, inflation, and inflation volatility in Australia.Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,36(4), pp.745-780. https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/cash-rate/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Kelly, G., 2014. Chinese rebalancing and Australian exports.RBA Bulletin, December, pp.23-29. Kubiszewski, I., Costanza, R., Franco, C., Lawn, P., Talberth, J., Jackson, T. and Aylmer, C., 2013. Beyond GDP: Measuring and achieving global genuine progress.Ecological Economics,93, pp.57-68. Kumar, S., Webber, D.J. and Perry, G., 2012. Real wages, inflation and labour productivity in Australia.Applied Economics,44(23), pp.2945-2954. McLean, I.W., 2012.Why Australia prospered: The shifting sources of economic growth. Princeton University Press. Ormerod, P., Rosewell, B. and Phelps, P., 2013. Inflation/unemployment regimes and the instability of the Phillips curve.Applied Economics,45(12), pp.1519-1531. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Ravenhill, J. ed., 2017.Global political economy. Oxford University Press. Rba.gov.au (2018).Cash Rate | RBA. [online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: Rba.gov.au (2018).Historical Data | RBA. [online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Rey, H., 2015.Dilemma not trilemma: the global financial cycle and monetary policy independence(No. w21162). National Bureau of Economic Research. Stewart, A., 2013.Stewart's guide to employment law(Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press.