Disease and Its Impact on Humans Essay Sample free essay sample

Familial diseases are caused by an abnormalcy in a person’s familial stuff. It is a disease that is passed from one coevals to the following within the same household. For e. g. hemophilias and reaping hook cell disease. Sickle-cell disease is a familial blood disease that largely affects people of African lineage. These diseases can non be cured. Physiological diseases are caused by misfunctioning of organic structure systems e. g. Respiratory system ( lung harm and lung malignant neoplastic disease ) . circulatory system ( high blood pressure ) . or endocrines eg. diabetes or a consequence of drug maltreatment eg. usage of cocaine and diacetylmorphine. or intoxicant ( cirrhosis of the liver ) . Physiological diseases can be controlled by a proper balanced diet. decrease of salt consumption and by exerting and holding healthy relationships with household and friends to forestall emphasis and societal isolation. Diabetess:Diabetess is the inability of the organic structure to command the degree of sugar in theblood due to deficient insulin. High blood pressure:Hypertension ( high blood force per unit area ) is the lift of the arterial blood force per unit area above the scope expected in a peculiar age group. Diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure can be controlled by diet and exercising. Diet and exercising can:* REDUCE RISK OF DISEASE- eating healthy and exerting for a lower limit of 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours can dramatically cut down your hazard of many serious diseases. * IMPROVES MENTAL HEALTH- exercising triggers chemicals in the encephalon called endorphins that aid you feel happy and relaxed. Eating a well-balanced diet keeps the encephalon working decently and can assist stabilise temper swings. * KEEPS WEIGHT CONTROLLED- when you move your organic structure. you burn Calories. and when you eat healthy. you consume fewer Calories. The fewer Calories you eat and the more Calories you burn. the easier it is to lose weight and maintain it under control. * INCREASES ENERGY-cardiovascular exercising helps go around O through your organic structure to better bosom and lung efficiency. * BETTER SLEEP- increasing your day-to-day activity degree and eating healthy wil l assist you acquire a better dark slumber. When the encephalon is supplied with the indispensable foods and acquires O. it works better. When the encephalon maps better. it releases the appropriate chemicals to bring on relaxation and slumber. WHAT IS A VECTOR?A vector is an carnal. normally an insect or tick. which transmits parasitic micro-organisms from one being to another. Vectors are organisms that provide a tract for a pathogen to be transmitted between animate beings and worlds or other animate beings. These transfer beings supply this conveyance by the agencies of blood-sucking ( consume the bacteria/virus/parasite from the septic host during eating and so shoot it into another being while feeding ) . Phases in the life history of a house fly and a mosquito are the same. The first phase is the egg so the larva. pupa and it so becomes an grownup. Life history of a house fly: LIFE HISTORY OF MOSQUITO: METHODS OF CONTROL AT EACH STAGE OF A MOSQUITOMosquitos need H2O to put their eggs and let them to hatch and turn. Get rid of standing H2O so the mosquito can non put their eggs. If you put a thin bed of oil on the surface of the H2O it will halt the larvae from take a breathing. At the grownup phase. empty Sn tins or refuse bins that lay around the house. Insecticides can besides be used. Appropriate METHODS OF CONTROL OF HOUSE FLIESHouse flies need to put their eggs on disintegrating nutrient. Make certain there are no nutrient beginnings available for the flies to set down on and put their eggs. Insecticides can be used for the other three phases. Besides biological control methods can be used such as ( parasitic WASP and fire emmets ) . WHAT IS STD? Sexually transmitted diseases ( STD ) are transmitted from one individual to another Y sexual intercourse. Three illustrations of STDs are:1. Gonorrhoea2. Syphilis3. Aidss GonorrheaThis is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is caused by a bacteria and is transmitted by sexual intercourse. In a male. the bacteria infects the urethra and 2 days- 2 hebdomads after infection he may hold a Pus discharge from the phallus. He may besides see a combustion esthesis during micturition. The untreated infection may distribute to his prostate secretory organ and testicles. If the testicles become septic he may go unfertile. In the female. the initial infection affects the neck. Without intervention it frequently spreads to the Fallopian tubing. These may go out of use. Tubal gestation is possible. and this may be fatal. The female may besides go unfertile. The disease can distribute in the blood. Early intervention with antibiotics. such as penicillin. is an effectual remedy. SyphilisThis is caused by the bacteria Treponema Pd. Congenital pox passed by a adult female to her unborn kid. Acquired pox is passed on by sexual intercourse. There are four phases in the development of get pox. Primary syphilis takes about three hebdomads to develop and difficult ulcers are formed at the site of infection. These are normally painless and last about a month. After 2-4 months. the symptoms of secondary pox may develop. These are generalised roseola of ruddy level lesions. The roseola may re-emerge at intervals over two old ages. The 3rd phase has no symptoms and may last for the remainder of the person’s life. About 30 per centum of untreated persons develop third pox. This affects the encephalon and the bosom. There may be terrible complications and decease. Syphilis. like gonorrhea. may be treated with penicillin and other antibodies. But. intervention of third poxs can non mend tissue harm. AIDS ( acquired immune lack syndrome )* It is caused by the virus ( HIV ) and is transmitted by sexual intercourse ; from infected female parent to babe ; by infected blood merchandises. The virus mutates frequently. so new strains maintain looking. This makes it hard to develop a vaccinum. Symptoms: changeless weariness ; sudden weight loss ; swollen lymph secretory organs ; diarrhoeas and loss of appetency over a long period and relentless tegument roseola. This disease can be prevented or controlled by: * Reducing the figure of sexual spouses. * Consistently and right use rubbers* Abstinence* Provide ongoing instruction* Taking bing interventions daily for the remainder of your life. THE ROLE OF BLOODThe blood defends itself against diseases by: unsusceptibility. blood curdling and phagocytosis. BLOOD CurdlingA pathogen is an being which causes disease ( bacterium. virus. Fungi. and Protozoa ) . The pathogen may come in the organic structure through the tegument. through the respiratory system. in nutrient or H2O or by vectors. Blood coagulating helps to forestall this. When blood thrombocytes come into contact with a damaged tissue. they stick to the borders of the damaged country. and so to each other. organizing a thrombocyte stopper. If the lesion is little. this will be adequate to halt hemorrhage. Large lesions need a larger barrier. Blood plasma contains several substances which are involved in blood curdling. There are 13s of these blood coagulating factors. If any one of them is faulty. so blood will non coagulate. Two of these blood curdling factors are prothrombin and factor I. which are soluble proteins dissolved in the blood plasma. If a tissue is damaged. it releases a chemical called thrombokinase. This converts factor II to thrombin. Thrombin acts on factor I . change overing it to the protein fibrin. Fibrin is indissoluble. and forms fibers across the lesion. Blood cells and thrombocytes get caught up in the fibres. organizing a coagulum. PHAGOCYTOSIS ( scavenger cells )Phagocytosis is the engulfment and digestion of bacteriums and other foreign atoms by a cell. Phagocyte is a cell that is able to steep and digest bacteriums. Protozoa. cells and cell dust. and other little atoms. Phagocytes include many white blood cells. When the pathogen enters. white blood cells work to seek to destruct the invading bacterium or viruses. The white cells recognize the invading pathogen as ‘foreign’ . This is because it has chemicals on its chemicals on its cells which are non found on the cells in your organic structure. These chemicals are called antigens. An antigen is a cell or other substance which is recognized as foreign by the body’s white cells. One group of white cells is able to do another set of chemicals in response to the antigens. These chemicals are called antibodies. An antibody is a protein made by white cells which attach to specific foreign cells or other substances ( antigens ) and assist to d estruct them. The antibody molecules bind onto the antigen molecules. Each type of antibody will merely suit onto one sort of antigen. It may take some clip for the white cells to do sufficiency of the right antibody. Finally. though. the white cells normally manage to do adequate antibodies to destruct the pathogen. and you recover from the unwellness. UnsusceptibilityWhat happens if the same pathogen enters the organic structure once more? The white blood cells are prepared. They recognize the antigen straight off. and rapidly do big measures of the appropriate antibody. The pathogen is destroyed before it has a opportunity to engender. You have become immune to the disease. This sort of unsusceptibility to the pathogen is called natural unsusceptibility. UnsusceptibilityUnsusceptibility is defined as the body’s ability to defy infection. afforded by the presence of go arounding antibodies and white blood cells. There are two types of unsusceptibility. There is active unsusceptibility and inactive unsusceptibility. ACTIVE IMMUNITYAs discussed on pg. 28 if the pathogen re-enters the organic structure. the white blood cells have already made appropriate antibodies. You can besides get active unsusceptibility by holding a inoculation. Some vaccinums contain bacteriums which have been weakened. When they are rejected into your organic structure. they are excessively weak to reproduce. The white blood cells recognize them as foreign and ‘learn’ to do the antibodies to destruct them. PASSIVE IMMUNITYWith inactive unsusceptibility the white blood cells do non do the antibodies. Alternatively. the antibody is put into your blood ready-made. Breast fed babes get unsusceptibility to many diseases through the chest milk. Some inoculations contain ready-made antibodies. Passive unsusceptibility does non last indefinitely. because the antibodies bit by bit disappear from your blood. Active unsusceptibility lasts much longer. because the white cells have ‘learnt’ to do the antibody. EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE Physiological Effects* These vary by the type of drug used. Stimulations. such as pep pills. detain sleep and promote a person’s temper. but great sums do jitteriness and anxiousness. With drugs such as particularly narcotics such as opium or diacetylmorphine. the organic structure can construct up a tolerance in which it adjusts to the drug’s presence. Over clip. the organic structure requires higher doses to keep the same consequence. When the maltreater Michigan. the organic structure experiences backdown symptoms such as experiencing weak. SOCIAL EFFECTS* Relationships with household and friends are frequently upset by drug wonts. When people become dependent on drugs they go to extreme steps to obtain it. Since the effects of drug maltreatment make them undependable and unproductive. they may lose their occupations. and many bargain to acquire the money. ECONOMIC Effects * Effectss of drug can be measured in two signifiers. One is the loss of human productiveness. such as lost rewards and reduced production that consequences from unwellness and premature deceases related to drug maltreatment. The other is the cost of authorities drug enforcement policies. States around the universe spend one million millions annually on jurisprudence enforcement and other attempts aimed at drug interdiction. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DISEASE IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS Disease of farm animal and agricultural harvests consequences in the loss of income. decrease in nutrient handiness and reduces the criterion of life. Disease within a population can do loss of adult male hours. productiveness. net incomes. reduced economic system. criterion of life offense and loss of human resources. Bibliography World Wide Web. blurtit. comWorld Wide Web. livestrong. comWorld Wide Web. wikipedia. org/wiki/infectious_diseaseWorld Wide Web. scienceray. comCXC biological science text book

The Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about The Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy. Answer: Introduction In the contemporary global framework, one of the leading economies, with impressive growth and economic development over the last few years, is the economy of Australia. Being fourteenth largest in terms of Nominal GDP, the economy holds the record of longest uninterrupted growth of GDP for twenty-six years (Pieterse, 2015). Much of this highly impressive growth of the country can be linked to the development of the industrial and service sector of the country, with more than seventy percent of the total workforce being employed in the latter only. The mining, gas and real estate industry are among the most notable industries in the country, which clubbed with the highly developed and efficient external sector of the country and its robust policy framework, contributed to the economic welfare of the country (Dyster and Meredith, 2012). Apart from GDP, there are other vital economic indicators, like inflation, unemployment, exchange rate, cash rate and net exports, which have considerable implications on the economic wellbeing of Australia. The report, keeping this into consideration, tries to interpret the relation and dynamics among these economic variables in the country, within the chosen time frame (1990-2015). It also tries to analyze the reasons behind such dynamics and the implications of the policy framework of the country on the same, thereby forecasting the possible economic situations in the country in near future (Ravenhill, 2017). Macroeconomic Assessment of Australia The primary indicator of economic growth, which is most widely used across the globe, is the Gross Domestic Product of the country, which shows the value of all the final goods and services that are in a year, produced within a country. The Real GDP, is the inflation adjusted measurement of GDP, which the values of goods and services taking a stable economic year the base. In case of the economy of Australia, a moderately stable growth trend of Real GDP is observed within the concerned period (3.1%), with occasional troughs (-0.38% being lowest in 1991) and peaks (highest being 5.01% in 1999). The dynamics in the Real GDP, however, is dependent on the changes in the other economic indicators, as discussed above. This is discussed in the following section (Arkolakis, et al., 2013). Unemployment Rate and Rate of Growth of Real GDP The economic welfare of a country and its residents in particular depends considerably on the employment scenario of the country in the concerned period. High employment generation implies high income in the hands of the people of the country, which in turn increases their aggregate demand, thereby contributing positively in the productivity of the country. Therefore, the relationship between GDP and unemployment is bilaterally negative, theoretically. The unemployment in Australia has been maintained at a moderate average level of nearly 6.8% between 1990-2015. However, the rate was exceptionally high in 1993-1994 (11%) and considerably low in 2007-2008 (4.4%). The relationship between unemployment rate and the growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, within the period under consideration, is found to be negative, with the correlation being -0.13 (Kubiszewski, et al., 2013). The trends from the empirical evidences also assert the same as can be seen below: Figure 1: Relationship between unemployment rate and Real GDP growth rate (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) The above figure clearly shows the presence of a negative relationship between the unemployment rate and the rate of growth of Real GDP in Australia in 1990-2015. Within the period in concern, unemployment has decreased considerably, while the Real GDP has maintained a steady growth rate, in spite of occasional fluctuations. Much of this decrease in unemployment can be attributed to the considerably huge industrial growth in the country over the years, which has created large job scopes, thereby increasing the financial welfare of the residents. This in turn, by increasing the aggregate demand and supply, has increased the GDP of the country considerably (Stewart, 2013). Inflation Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP The economic stability and welfare of a country also depends on the overall price levels prevailing in the country at a point of time and the dynamics in the same. The presence of a very high price level, indicating higher inflationary pressure on the economy, has highly negative implications on the welfare of the residents. On the other hand, very low price levels can be detrimental to the producers as their revenue decreases significantly. On the other hand, while a demand-pull inflation increases the productive activities in a country, a cost-push type of inflation hampers the production (Green, 2016). Generally, with the economic growth and increase in the productivity of country, the level of disposable income and the aggregate demand both increases, thereby raising the average level of price. This indicates towards a positive relationship between the inflation and the GDP of a country. Australia, in general, has maintained a low rate of inflation (average rate being 2.7%). The rate however, increased massively in 1990 (7.27%) in 1990s, due to the period of excessive aggregate demand preceding that. RBA responding to the same, implemented contractionary monetary policies, which brought the inflation rate down to 0.25% by 1997. The relationship between the two-concerned variable, in case of Australia, however, seems a bit confusing as it is not seen to be following the theoretical pattern. The correlation between the same is found to be -0.03 (Kumar, Webber and Perry, 2012). Figure 2: Relationship between the Growth Rate of Real GDP and Inflation Rate (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) There remains a negative relationship between the inflation rate and the Real GDP growth rate in Australia, which can be partially explained with the presence of a huge debt burden in the country in the concerned period. This high debt in the country, existing in the contemporary period, has contributed negatively in the growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, even in the presence of high inflation, which justifies the presence of the negative relationship between the rate of inflation and the Real GDP growth rate (Hossain, 2014). Exchange Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP The external sector and the exports imports of country as well as the balance of payment of a country depends substantially on the exchange rate prevailing in the country, which is the value of the currency of the country in terms of the same of other country (Conventionally US $). An increase in the exchange rate lowers the value of the domestic currency, which in turn makes exports easier, which raises the GDP of the country. Thus, theoretically there exists a positive relation between these two variables (Bussire, Delle Chiaie and Peltonen, 2014). Figure 3: Relationship between the exchange rate and the growth rate of Real GDP (Source: Rba.gov.au, 2018) In case of Australia, this seems to hold as the correlation is seen to be 0.2. The above figure also shows the presence of a roughly positive relationship between the two variables. The exchange rate being kept between $1 and $2 (USD) has facilitated the exports of the country over the years considerably, which can be seen from the more or less growth rate of the Real GDP of the country, despite of several noticeable fluctuations. Net Exports and Growth Rate of Real GDP As discussed above, the exchange rate of a country determines the import and export dynamics of a country substantially, which in turn has its implications on the overall economic growth of the country. When the exports of a country is greater than the amount imported, then the net export of the country is seen to be positive, which contributes positively to the balance of payment of the country. This in turn increases the GDP of the country. This thereby indicates towards the presence of a positive relationship between the growth of the GDP of a country and the amount of the net exports in the concerned country (Kelly, 2014). The same trend can be seen in the economic growth pattern of Australia, with the correlation among the same being 0.23. Figure 4: Relationship between the Net Exports and Growth Rate of the Real GDP (Source: Data.worldbank.org, 2018) The above figure shows that Australia has over the years maintained a more or less positive trade balance, except in between 2010 and 2012, when there occurred in trade deficit in the country. This may be due to the increase in the import of intermediate goods and services as well as the increase in the aggregate-demand of foreign consumption goods (Atkin and Connolly, 2013). Cash Rate and Growth Rate of Real GDP In general, the cash rate in a country is defined to be the rate of interest, which the monetary authorities of the country charge from the private banks if the latter take loans from the former. In presence of a low cash rate, borrowing is stimulated which in turn helps in stimulating the investment and contributing positively in the economic growth of the country. Thus, there exists a negative relationship between the two concerned variables in terms of the exiting theories. As is evident from the above figure, the concerned variables show a clearly negative trend over the concerned period, with the correlation among the two variables being -0.08. This can be linked to the monetary policies taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia, in which the cash rate has been deliberately kept low, in order to increase the investments in the country. The cash rate, being at 2.13% has facilitated the investments and economic growth in the country, which can be seen from a stable economic growth in the country in the contemporary period. Unemployment and inflation rate The two indicators, inflation rate and the rate of unemployment, are in general inversely related. This can be explained with the help of the theory of Phillips Curve, which was first proposed by A. W. Phillips. According to the theory, when there is economic growth in a country, this leads to an increased in the employment scopes in the country as a whole. This in turn increases the economic welfare of the residents of the concerned country by increasing their disposable income, which in turn increases their aggregate demand for the goods and services. The excess demand in the economy pushes up the average price level, thereby creating an upward pressure on the average price level in the country, which leads to an increase in the inflation in the same, which can be seen from the following figure: From the above figure, it can be seen that with the increase in the level of employment, that is with the decrease in the rate of unemployment in the country, the excess demand for goods and services pushes up the price levels in the economy, thereby creating an upwards trend of the rate of inflation in the country. This justifies the negative trend between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment in the country. In case of Australia, there exists a visibly negative relationship between the rate of inflation and the unemployment rate in the period of consideration, which can be seen from the following figure: The above figure clearly shows inverse relationship between unemployment and the inflation rate of the country. Over the concerned period, the unemployment rate has been seen to be consistently falling with several exceptions, like that in 2012-2014, when the same is seen to be increasing considerably. However, the rate of inflation has seen to undergo considerable fluctuations, with positive trends in many instances (Ormerod, Rosewell and Phelps, 2013). The relationship between the two concerned indicators has however been positive in 1994 and 1995, where the fall in the price level is accompanied by a fall in the rate of unemployment. This has again been observed in 2004, which can be attributed to the policies, which have been taken by the RBA. The policy framework is targeted to reduce both the inflation and the unemployment to a moderate level. Contractionary Monetary Policy Framework In general, the Central Banks or the monetary authorities of a country take contractionary or tight monetary policies, when there is excessive liquidity in the economy, contributing to an upward trend in the overall price levels in the country, thereby affecting the residents adversely. In case of Australia, this type of policy framework was adopted in 1980s following a period of excessive inflationary burden, which however landed the country in a phase of acute recession (Rey, 2015). In the recent periods (post 2004), this has again been done by the RBA, in order to respond to the excessive demand in the economy and the presence of high household debt burden in the economy. Outlook of the Australian economy The Australian economy is expected to keep on going at a moderately impressive rate of 2.5% to 4% in the coming years, much of which can be attributed to the policies, which are expected to be taken by the government and the monetary authority of the country. The wage level, however, is not expected to increase, which can be beneficial in keeping the inflationary pressures in check. However, low wage can lead to low rates of savings, which again however, is not expected to affect the investment in the country, which is hoped to increase in the coming years, thereby reducing the risk of recession in the economy (McLean, 2012). Conclusion As can be seen from the above empirical evidences and the relevant economic interpretation of the same, in spite of the presence of considerable fluctuations and dynamics in the overall economic activities of the country, Australia, has been and is still one of the most stably growing economies in the world. Much of which can be attributed to the stable economic policy framework of the country, which in the cases of occurrences of any discrepancy or diversion from the equilibrium state, operate efficiently in bringing back the economy on the path of sustainable economic growth and contributes in increasing the overall welfare of the residents of the country. References Arkolakis, C., Ramondo, N., Rodrguez-Clare, A. and Yeaple, S., 2013.Innovation and production in the global economy(No. w18972). National Bureau of Economic Research. Atkin, T. and Connolly, E., 2013. Australian exports: global demand and the high exchange rate.RBA Bulletin, pp.1-10. Bussire, M., Delle Chiaie, S. and Peltonen, T.A., 2014. Exchange rate pass-through in the global economy: the role of emerging market economies.IMF Economic Review,62(1), pp.146-178. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Australia | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/australia [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?locations=AU [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Data.worldbank.org (2018).Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) | Data. [online] Data.worldbank.org. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=AU [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Dyster, B. and Meredith, D., 2012.Australia in the global economy: Continuity and change. Cambridge University Press. Green, R., 2016.Classical theories of money, output and inflation: a study in historical economics. Springer. Hossain, A.A., 2014. Monetary policy, inflation, and inflation volatility in Australia.Journal of Post Keynesian Economics,36(4), pp.745-780. https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/cash-rate/ [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Kelly, G., 2014. Chinese rebalancing and Australian exports.RBA Bulletin, December, pp.23-29. Kubiszewski, I., Costanza, R., Franco, C., Lawn, P., Talberth, J., Jackson, T. and Aylmer, C., 2013. Beyond GDP: Measuring and achieving global genuine progress.Ecological Economics,93, pp.57-68. Kumar, S., Webber, D.J. and Perry, G., 2012. Real wages, inflation and labour productivity in Australia.Applied Economics,44(23), pp.2945-2954. McLean, I.W., 2012.Why Australia prospered: The shifting sources of economic growth. Princeton University Press. Ormerod, P., Rosewell, B. and Phelps, P., 2013. Inflation/unemployment regimes and the instability of the Phillips curve.Applied Economics,45(12), pp.1519-1531. Pieterse, J.N., 2015.Globalization and culture: Global mlange. Rowman Littlefield. Ravenhill, J. ed., 2017.Global political economy. Oxford University Press. Rba.gov.au (2018).Cash Rate | RBA. [online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: Rba.gov.au (2018).Historical Data | RBA. [online] Reserve Bank of Australia. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html [Accessed 25 Jan. 2018]. Rey, H., 2015.Dilemma not trilemma: the global financial cycle and monetary policy independence(No. w21162). National Bureau of Economic Research. Stewart, A., 2013.Stewart's guide to employment law(Vol. 3). Sydney: Federation Press.

A Rhetorical Analysis of The First Kiss by John Updike Essays

A Rhetorical Analysis of The First Kiss by John Updike Essays A Rhetorical Analysis of The First Kiss by John Updike Paper A Rhetorical Analysis of The First Kiss by John Updike Paper In the essay titled The First Kiss, author John Update portrays baseball as a love-hate relationship with its fans. Update effetely conveys his message by appealing to pathos using metaphors, personification, and rhetorical questions. He begins with a metaphor stating, The many-headed monster called the Fenny Faithful yesterday resumed its romance with 25 youngish men in red socks who last year broke its monstrous big heart. He describes the fans of baseball as a many-headed monster implying that they are aggressive from the passion that they feel for that sport. He goes on by saying that they resumed their romance with the ones who broke they heart. That suggests that even though the team had many losses last season, they will still be devoted to them at the beginning of next season. He then begins to express how the love turns to hate by stating, braced for the first kiss of another prolonged entanglement, then asks a rhetorical question, in. ho can forget the ups and downs of last years fling? he refers to the first hit of the baseball season as the first kiss, and the first kiss is always he sweetest. Next he uses personifications expressing that baseball did the cruelest tease. Hes referring to their great win streak against their number one enemy, the Yankees, but ends up losing to them because of a cheap home run. Update displays how fed up the team was by exclaiming, Enough. Youll never get us to care again, Red Sox. He puts emphasis on the word enough by making it a one word sentence. He does this to show how sick and tired the fan s and they are at their last straw. Update then returns back to the love between the fans and baseball by eating, But monster have short memories, elastic hearts, and very foldable faculties. Once again he refers the fans as monsters because he defines monsters of having short memories and elastic hearts; they quickly forget about all the bad that has happened in the past and will continue to adore them. Therefore, by using metaphors, personifications, and rhetorical questions about the ups and downs of relationships, Update effectively conveys the message that theres a love-hate relationship between baseball and its fans.

Age of Consent in Canada

Age of Consent in Canada Beginning May 1, 2008, the age of sexual consent in Canada is 16 years old. The age of consent in Canada is the age at which the criminal law recognizes the legal capacity of a young person to consent to sexual activity. Under the Criminal Code of Canada, anyone under the age of 16 cannot legally consent to any form of sexual activity, from kissing to intercourse. It means that adults are criminally liable if they have sex with someone under that age. The offense carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison. The law has a close-in-age exemption of less than five years, which permits teens to engage in consensual sex with a partner who is less than five years older, as long as the older partner is not in a position of trust or authority and the relationship is not exploitive. The age of protection for exploitive sexual activity, such as sexual activity involving prostitution, pornography, or a relationship of trust, is 18. The age of consent for anal sex is also 18.

Final Class Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final Class Project - Case Study Example To add on this, it is through documentation that patient response is reflected. On the contrary, the current case lacks documentation from the patient nurse. Here, the nurse testifies that she only had handwritten notes. Furthermore, in her testimony, the nurse says that she did not document any vital signs during the 2 hours of being informed by the patient’s wife and the time the patient is pronounced dead (Guido, 2009). Evidently, the case lacks documentation and this is likely to affect the final outcome. 2. Was negligence there on the part of the nursing staff in the care of this patient? In the case under study, it is evident that the nursing staff showed negligence in the course of duty. The patient nurse is negligent due to failure to document information on the patient. In her evidence, she testifies that she did not have any documented records on vital signs between the time of being informed and the time the patient is pronounced dead (Guido, 2009). As such, it is c lear that no information was available on what went on during the 2 hour period. Additionally, the nurse failed to assess and monitor the patient’s situation after she informed the physician that the patient was bleeding. Given that the patient’s health status could change gradually or suddenly, it was vital for the patient nurse to keep monitoring the situation. On the other hand, the office nurse failed to act as a patient advocate. Here, it is evident that this nurse did not follow up the case to see if the surgeon responded after she informed him. More so, the nurse does not call to check the patient’s progress (Guido, 2009). She only passes the information to the surgeon and that’s it as far as she is concerned. Consequently, it is evident that the nursing department displays negligence while on duty. 3. How does the obvious contradiction in the testimony between the patient’s hospital nurse and the office nurse and the physician’s acco unt of what happened affect your decision in this case? From the case, there is obvious contradiction between the two nurses’ testimony and the physician’s account. This shows a failure to communicate accurately while on duty. There seems to have been lack of communication between the three and hence all are liable to being sentenced for negligence while on duty. Normally, different nursing departments ought to be in constant communication to find the best way possible of helping the patient. This is not the case here. The patient nurse does not keep in touch with the physician to update him on the patient’s situation. Whereas the patient nurse testifies of having informed the physician of the patient’s condition on time, it takes two hours before the physician responds (Guido, 2009). Essentially, the contradiction indicates failure to communicate by all parties involved. 4. What standards for documentation did the patient’s nurse breach? Standards for documentation in nursing entail provision of patient information for communication purposes. Nursing documentation, as a valuable tool, supports effective communication on the patient’s progress for providers. In this particular case, the patient nurse breached these standards. The nurse fails to document the patient’s progress (Guido, 2009). Furthermore, nurses are responsible for their own actions while on duty. As such, documentation forms part of the responsibility. On the contrary, lack of documentation in the case means that the patient’

Toyota to move from Torrance to Texas; Automaker plans to create new Essay

Toyota to move from Torrance to Texas; Automaker plans to create new American headquarters with jobs shifting to Dallas area - Essay Example However, the company now does not import its vehicles and 75 percent to its branded cars sold in the United Sates are manufactured there. Most of them are manufactured in Toyota plants in Texas, Kentucky and Mississippi. There is a reason that could have led the Toyota Company not to use Los Angeles as a manufacturing point. These are: the distance from the market; and the distance from the inputs. Locating a manufacturing firm near its market helps in lowering the transportation cost of the output. With such companies, the monetary weight of output is more than the weight of the input thus the firm locates manufacturing points near its market (Hirsch and Undercoffer, 1). As is suggested by the observer, the move that shows that Toyota is trying to avoid high taxes in California is true. This is evident from the article. It is stated that, Perry visited California so as to recruit companies. He contends that 50 California companies have planned to grow and move to Texas as it offers a business climate that is better than California. The author of the article also states that, â€Å"Toyota could also save money in an environment of lower business taxes, real estate prices and the cost of living† (Hirsch and Undercoffer, 2). With the communication technology today, the Toyota Company should not feel compelled to relocate its headquarters closer to its manufacturing facilities. This is because technology enables companies to operate even when there is distance between its headquarters and the manufacturing point. The managers of the Toyota Company are able to run it even from another location. There are also other factors that may hinder Toyota Company from relocating its headquarters such as the cost of moving, the quality of life in the new location, the cost of living and the cost of operation in the new area (Busch, 1). However, the location of a

The Grammar Translation Method Community Language Learning English Language Essay

The Grammar Translation Method Community Language Learning English Language Essay We have learnt about different teaching approaches during the lecture. The examples of approaches are the direct method, grammar translation method, the silent way, community language learning, communicative language teaching, total physical response and many more. I have chosen the grammar translation method and community language learning as for this report. According to Random House Unabridged Dictionary, grammar translation method means a traditional technique of foreign-language teaching based on explicit instruction in the grammatical analysis of the target language and translation of sentences from the native language into the target language and vice versa. Community language learning means a method of teaching a foreign language that uses small groups and other ways of reducing students anxiety. There are advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. Both approaches are also relevant to use in the current Malaysian Education system. Generally, the grammar translation is derived from traditional approaches to the teaching of Latin and Greek in the nineteenth century (Barb, 2010). Even though the method has been used a long time ago, this method is still useful to our current education system. According to Richard and Rogers, 2002 (as cited in Barb, 2010), the grammar translation method is a way of studying a language that approaches the language first thought detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by the application of this knowledge through the task of translating sentences and text into and out of the target language. The first advantage is that grammar rule is taught deductively. This means that the pupils are taught about the grammar rule and then they have to apply to the new examples. It is important for the pupils to learn about the grammar rule of the language. This will make them use and apply the language better. They can lessen their mistake when they know about the grammar rule. They also wi ll be able to explain about the grammar rule of certain words when they have the knowledge. Next, translation is the easiest and shortest way to understand English. This is because most primary school children do not familiar with this language. They can only understand their mother tongue. So, by teaching English using the mother tongue, the pupils manage to catch up with their study better. Translation is needed to teach the children. The usage of mother tongue is very important for the pupils in learning English in the early year. This is to make them understand better. For example, if we talk using English during lesson, the pupils may not be able to understand a single thing during the lesson. By using the mother tongue during the lesson, the pupils also do not have any problem in understanding and responding to the teacher. So, there is interaction happen in the classroom. The communication between the pupils and the teacher does not cause any problem. Translation is very important element in learning English for these children. The other advantage is the pupils have been introduced to the literature texts during the early years of their study. It is a good sign that the pupils learn about literature during the lesson. When they have learnt about the literature texts, they manage to interpret the literary passages well based on their experience during the learning process in the class. They can show their understanding in literature by managing to interpret the literary texts. There are also disadvantages of this method. The first disadvantage is less participation from the pupils. This method is teacher-oriented. The teacher has the full authority to control the class. So, the inputs of the learning are given by the teacher from the beginning of the lesson until the end. The pupils job in the class is to hear to the teachers instruction without questioning anything. They are like silent learners. There is no discussion or sharing opinion occurs during the lesson. As a result, the pupils cognitive skill and critical and creative thinking will not develop. Not only that, the teacher also is the one to decide whether the pupils answers are correct or not. If the pupils do not manage to get the correct answers, the teacher will give the correct answers to the pupils. The teacher does not even try to give the pupils another chance to answer to the questions. They will not become autonomous learner. This is one of the teacher-centred methods in the learning pro cess. These skills are required for the pupils to develop so that they will be able to understand their learning better and manage to do well in their study. Not only that, the other disadvantage is little or no attention given to the speaking skill. According to Brown (2001), it does virtually nothing to enhance a students communication ability in the language. This is because they only do the reading and writing during the class. The pupils are not exposed to any other skills in learning like listening, speaking and writing. These skills are vital for the pupils in their learning. By learning a lesson with these skills, they will be able to understand the lesson and manage to complete all the works given by the teacher. If this situation continuously happens, it will promote to the boredom to the pupils. This is because they keep on doing the same thing during the lesson. Primary school children always like to have fun and doing fun things. When they are doing the same thing durin g the lesson, the tendency for them to withdraw from the lesson is higher. As a result, the lesson process will not progress well. The disturbance that occurs will interrupt the learning process. They will also disrupt other students who wanted to learn. Besides that, the teaching using this method is against the natural way of learning a language. The natural order of learning a language is listening, speaking, reading and writing (Purwarno Hadinata, 2006). Through this method the pupils are to ask to read texts and literature texts during the lesson. This method is unnatural method. Even though the primary school children want to learn about their mother tongue language while they were young, they still have to listen to the other peoples words before they can speak out the words. It is hard for them to learn about English which is not their mother tongue through reading. They will not understand the sentences or words through reading. The last disadvantage of grammatical translation method is much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words. The teacher gives the meaning of single words instead of the meaning of the sentences or phrases. For example, the teacher gives the meaning of the word happy in the mother ton gue. The pupils only know the meaning of the word happy. There are also other words that related to the word happy like happiness, happily and many more. When reading sentences that have the word happiness, the pupils may become confused. This is because they only know the meaning of the word happy. This method is relevant for the rural area pupils. This is because using this method; the teacher does not has to use any high-tech teaching aids. High-tech teaching aids such as LCD (liquid crystal display) projector can be quite bothersome sometimes. The teacher just has to use the textbooks as the main resource in the classroom. Furthermore, in rural area, the high-tech teaching aids are rarely found there. Sometimes, the electricity resource is not enough for them. There are some places in rural areas that do not have water and electricity resources. So, textbooks are the important resources in the classroom. Other than that, the target language is translated into the mother tongue. So, the rural area pupils will be able to understand English well when the words are translated. This is because many of them do not capable in understand and using English. They are not exposed to this language since they were little. When they entered school, they have to learn about this language a s a second language and they are very new to this language. Translation using the mother tongue is very essential for them. This can build their interest towards the language. Even though they find it hard learning English for the first time, as the time goes by the interest towards the English language will be developed. Since this method is teacher-centred, the pupils can depend on the teacher to learn English. They have no one to teach them English at house compared to the pupils who live in the urban area. The other approach is community language learning. This method is also known as counselling-learning. Basically, community language learning is based on the student-centred. The pupils will become autonomous learners. In this method, teacher acts as the counsellor while the pupils as the clients. The pupils are asked to sit in a close group of six to ten persons. They have talk about anything they like and the teacher has to be outside the circle. The pupils also have the chance to choose their own topic. They are given the time to brainstorm the ideas. The most important thing is their discussion will be recorded. Besides that, during the discussion, the pupils can also talk using their mother tongue and the teacher will translate for them the actual sentences. At this point, the pupils are responsible for their own learning. They have to be more confident to have the conversation among the members in the group. The recorded conversation will be shown to the pupils in order to impro ve their abilities in the English language. Even though this is student-centred approach, the teacher plays a vital role in this method. Teacher plays the role as he facilitator and guider for the pupils during their learning process. The second advantage is it will boost the pupils speaking and listening skills. When the pupils use this method for the first time, they may feel a bit of awkwardness during the conversation. When they are used to this method, the feeling of awkwardness will disappear. They will find this method enjoyable and fun. This is because the topic is not specific by the teacher. The pupils have the freedom to choose the topic for themselves. Thus, their speaking and listening skills will be improved. They will be able to use the language without any worry. They are not afraid to make mistakes when speaking. As a result, they have the confident in using the language. The other advantage of this method is encourage teachers to see their students as whole persons, where their feelings, intellect, interpersonal relationships, protective reactions, and desired to learn are addressed and balanced (English Raven Educational Services 2007). This method is also a part of humanistic approach in the language learning. This is because it will help the teacher to understand their pupils emotions or feelings. When the teacher is able to understand the pupils feelings, the teacher will be able to help them in their learning. It also encourages the teacher to know more about their pupils. So, the teacher is capable to fulfil the pupils needs in their learning. The pupils learning process will run smoothly. The last advantage is it will enhance the relationship between teacher and pupils. According to Joyce, Calhoun and Hopkins (2002), this model emphasizes the partnership between students and teachers. The teacher will help the pupils to translate the sentences that the pupils produced in their mother tongue. This is because the pupils will seek for their teachers help whenever they need the help. So, the teacher will always ready to help the pupils outside the circle. The relationship between the teacher and pupils will become closer. It can also decrease the pupils anxiety while doing the conversation in the group. This is because they manage to build trust among themselves. They are able to support each other during the conversation. Teacher can also help the pupils to overcome their negative feeling towards English by turning them into positive energy to further their learning. Teacher can encourage the pupils to speak English. The teacher can also praise the pupils when they manage to speak English during the conversation. This will motivate them to learn about English. In the class, teacher is responsible to correct the pupils when they make mistakes. Teacher should be able to comfort the pupils during the conversation. Then, the fe ar of learning English by the pupils will disappear slowly. There are also disadvantages in this method. Firstly, this method is time consuming. A lot of time is needed for this method to be progressed successfully. The teacher should be more patient while using this method. The teacher has to give more time for the pupils on their learning process. Sometimes, the learning process will be delayed. In addition, not all pupils will be able to participate in the conversation at a time. Only a few pupils will be participating. The teacher has to follow the time that has been allocated during the lesson. If the learning process has delayed, the teacher has to find some other time to continue with the session. If this method requires a lot of time, the pupils will feel bored when they do not capable to acquire the language. This will lead to frustration to the pupils. Thus, they will lose the interest in learning English as the second language and tend to withdraw themselves from the conversation. Furthermore, it is very hard for the teacher to tra nslate certain sentences for the pupils. This is because there are some classes which have multiracial pupils. They also use different mother tongue language. So, the teacher will find it hard for them. The teacher may not be able to understand every pupil in the class. There are also a few teachers that are not really capable in using the English language. As they continue using this method; it will also lead to frustration to the teachers. The teacher may not be able to help the pupils in their English. So, in order for the teacher to be able to help the pupils, the teacher should be fluent in the mother tongue language and also English. Other than that, some of the pupils do not have the confidence is speaking in English. So they may use a lot of mother tongue in the conversation. This will not improve their English as second language. They are afraid to try to speak in English. They will feel embarrass when their friends laugh at them if they make mistakes. Some pupils may feel rather passive and will not volunteer to speak anything. This is because they have to depend on themselves during the conversation. The teacher will serve as a facilitator and will monitor them during the conversation. They will also feel embarrass when they hear the recorded tape. Some of the pupils may not be able to speak fluently when they know that they are being recorded. They will lose the feeling of security learning English. Even though this method is non-threatening, some of the pupils may find this method threatening. This is when they are not capable to acquire the target language. They may have low self-esteem in using the langu age. The tendency for them not to speak in English during the conversation may be higher. This is because they have to be responsible for their own learning. They have to depend on themselves and the other members in the group. When they are not able to speak using the target language, they will have the feeling of frustration in themselves. This approach is relevant to the secondary school and tertiary level education. This is because this is student-centred approach. They should be able to be responsible towards their learning. They are able to think about the thing that will benefit them. By using this method in learning, the students will be able to become autonomous learner. This is because the current Malaysian education system encourages the students to find their own way of learning. They should not depend on the lecturers that teach them. They have to find other alternatives in their learning. So, by using this method, the students will be able to achieve the aspiration of the current education system. They will also enhance their speaking and listening skills. The order of learning a language is by learning listening and speaking skills first. If they are able to listen to teacher well, they will be able to speak English well. Hence, they will have the confidence in using the target language everywhere. In conclusion, both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. It depends on how it is being used in the school. In order to make this method successful in the class, teacher and the administration of the school play an essential role.